劉博仁醫師．營養功能醫學部落格

劉博仁醫師

澄清醫院營養醫學門診主任

我經常囑咐癌症患者不要吃四隻腳的肉，例如牛肉、豬肉等，因為含有高熱量油脂，雖然可以讓你暫時度過化放療的難關，但是其內涵的高膽固醇以及熱量可能會對癌症控制有負面影響。

以下這篇論文發現肺癌細胞在以高熱量飲食環境之下，如果本身纖維蛋白溶解酶元活化因子抑制蛋白（PAI-1）也過高，則肺癌體積容易增加，轉移機率也增高。

我的看法是：

1. 1.     這些高油脂食物含有的飽和脂肪多，有些論文也指出其ＩＧＦ-1 也過高，會促癌。
2. 2.     紅肉鐵質過高，鐵本身也是促自由基增加，易誘導癌細胞增生。
3. 3.     這些油脂含有的omega-3 脂肪酸過低，容易促發炎，也會增加癌細胞轉移的機會。
4. 4.     蛋白質來源可以白肉如去皮雞胸肉、小型深海魚，或是植物豆類蛋白質來補充，不一定要紅肉。
5. 5.     其餘高熱量食物，如甜點、飲料也應小心。
6. 6.     雖然這是動物實驗，但是也應注意人體肺癌細胞的類似模式。
7. 7.     其餘癌症，如乳癌、攝護腺癌、大腸直腸癌、子宮內膜癌等也有類似結果。

PLoS One. 2014 Oct 30;9(10):e110869. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110869. eCollection 2014.

Effects of a high-fat diet on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficient and wild-type mice.

Yan L1, DeMars LC1.

Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America.

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a high-fat diet on spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficient (PAI-1-/-) and wild-type mice. The high-fat diet increased the number of pulmonary metastases by 60% (p<0.01), tumor cross-sectional area by 82% (p<0.05) and tumor volume by 130% (p<0.05) compared to the AIN93G diet. Deficiency in PAI-1 reduced the number of metastases by 35% (p<0.01) compared to wild-type mice. In mice fed the high-fat diet, PAI-1 deficiency reduced tumor cross-sectional area by 52% (p<0.05) and tumor volume by 61% (p<0.05) compared to their wild-type counterparts; however, PAI-1 deficiency affected neither area nor volume in mice fed the AIN93G diet. Adipose and plasma concentrations of PAI-1 were significantly higher in high-fat fed wild-type mice than in their AIN93G-fed counterparts. Adipose and plasma PAI-1 were not detectable in PAI-1-/- mice regardless of the diet. Mice deficient in PAI-1 showed significantly greater plasma concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and insulin compared to wild-type mice, indicating a compensatory overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic factors and insulin in the absence of PAI-1. We conclude that PAI-1 produced by the host, including that by adipose tissue, promotes high-fat enhanced metastasis of LLC.